Air Columns And Toneholes- Principles For Wind - Instrument Design

\[Z = rac{ ho ot c}{A}\]

where \(f_n\) is the resonant frequency, \(n\) is an integer, \(c\) is the speed of sound, and \(L\) is the length of the air column. \[Z = rac{ ho ot c}{A}\] where \(f_n\)

Air Columns and Toneholes: Principles for Wind Instrument Design** \(n\) is an integer